PV Gap

Gloria Said:

Is this accurate ??????????

We Answered:

Looks good.

Regarding carbon isotopes, you are right to ignore the very short lived isotopes 10C and 11C, which do not occur naturally on earth. The lowred 14C/12C ratio confirms that the added carbon dioxide comes from some ancient source, and the 13C/12C ratio confirms that that source is fossil fuel rather than, say, vulcanism. But we know all that anyway simply from mass balance (chemists' word for bookkeeping). Strictly, all this supports is anthropogenic CO2. You need the temperature data to show that warming is happening, together with the reasoning you give, and the lack of other credible explanation, to connect it to warming.

Water vapour is the most effective greenhouse gas, but it is controlled by temperature, so if temperature increases for any reason, water vapour will provide a positive feedback. For this reason among others, the effect of carbon dioxide is amplified.

You have confused two separate problems regarding the oceans. More CO2 in the atmosphere leads to more dissolved CO2, and to ocean acidification (falling ocean pH) which makes it more difficult for sea creatures to build shells containing calcium carbonate. You can also think of this in terms of the equilibrium

CaCO3(s) + H2O + CO2(dissolved) <=> Ca2+ (dissolved) + 2 HCO3- (dissolved)

Warming of the ocean surface reduces mixing between surface and lower layers, and also reduces the solubility of oxygen in water, and these are the factors that lead to less dissolved oxygen.

There are also important points raised by some of the other answerers; I think you know enough to tell what is and what is not valid among the various points they raise.

Trevor and d/dx are better qualified than I am to evaluate your account of heat transfer. As I understand it, more of a greenhouse gas means that the final emission of radiation to space, at the wavelengths that the gas absorbs and re-emits, will take place from a higher level and therefore, in general, from a level where the gas is cooler and emits less.

Hope this helps

Bill Said:

can someoe help with my ten yugioh decks?

We Answered:

Please post the deck lists one at a time. You can't ask people to rate/fix 10 decks at a time! That would take FOREVER! Just about all of the decks look like they need a lot of work, so try to post them individually soon. I'll try to fix a couple of your decks later. I hope this helps!

Darren Said:

How does life support itself at depths where no light can reach?

We Answered:

Life has adapted to many enviroments. There is bacteria living in yellowstone at unimaginable temperatures. In the ancient archean world, life did not need light to thrive. Simple elements like sulfur were needed.

Sharon Said:

can someone fix my 10 decks?

We Answered:

Post the deck lists one at a time if you want answers. Although it'll cost more points, it's worth it. I hope this helps!

Joshua Said:

Global Warming - The other side of the argument.?

We Answered:

I've always thought man-made global warming was crap... but it's a big business now and a new way for governments to get money with "green Taxes"