PV Gap

Shane Said:

Question about the big bang and the kinetic energy generated by it?

We Answered:

According to calculations based on known physics, the so-called big bang was a sudden expansion of space-time with no matter contained in it. At some point very soon after the expansion began, the density of the energy that filled space-time dropped below a certain level and some of the energy began to "condense" into sub-atomic particles.

After 3 minutes or so, the energy density of the Universe, (or temperature if you like) dropped enough for sub-atomic particles to start forming protons and neutrons. These filled all space like fog and expanded with space, it was along for the rife, not driving the expansion.

A few hundred thousand years passed and eventually the Universe had expanded enough for the energy density (temperature) to fall below the level at which atoms could form. Again, these filled all space like fog, but in patches here and there the concentrations of atoms must have been slightly higher. Just why this is true I am uncertain but it appears there are possible explanations, possibly due to slight differences that go right back to the absolute start. .

While the Universe was still expanding, the mutual attraction in these patches of atoms due to gravity began to pull them together here and there. These began to form the first stars and galaxies.

Over relatively short distances such as a million light years, the force of gravity is larger than the "force" propelling the expansion of the Universe and that is what holds galaxies and galactic clusters together. On the scale of solar systems and even galaxies the expansion due to the expansion of space time is extremely small.

You can get an idea of what is happening from string of rubber bands 100 yards long. If you mark off a half inch anywhere along it, then stretch the string by an extra 10 yards, the half inch you marked off is then only 1/20th of an inch longer. Compared to the size of the Universe, the half inch might represent the local supercluster of galaxies while a 0.000001 inch might represent the size of our solar system. So you can see on a local level the expansion of space-time is negligible. But over a much larger distance it is very obvious.

So the orbits of planets round our Sun and even the orbits of the Magellanic Clouds around our Galaxy are not affected much by the expansion of the Universe.

You understand that is is the "Executive Summary". The full story is far more complex, has many references to relativity and quantum theory and huge amounts of mathematics.

Stella Said:

What is the speed that the earth and solar systems is moving through the unviverse?

We Answered:

The plane of the Solar System is tilted about 90° with the plane of the Galaxy. The Solar System is in the Orion Arm (called also Orion Spur), inner with respect to Perseus Arm. This motion has a speed of 217.215 Km/s, hence the Solar System takes 226 million years to complete one lap around the Galactic Nucleus.
The movement onward-backward the nucleus of the Milky Way is determined by the gravitational pull of the nucleus and the stars situated inner the orbital track of the Solar System and by the gravitational pull of the stars outer from the track of the Solar System. This movement has a speed of 20 Km/s. The motion upwards-downwards the plane of the galaxy are influenced by the motions of the bodies that constitute the Solar System, including the motions of the Sun. The speed of this movement is 5-7 Km/s and comprehends about 20 light years.
The Cosmic Cloud is situated up and ahead the Solar System. The Cosmic Cloud is going onwards-backwards the nucleus of the Milky Way at 15-20 Km/s. It is approaching the Solar System at a relative speed of 37 Km/s. We think our Solar System will encounter the cloud at any moment in the next years. Right now, we are experiencing some large “puffs” of dust and cosmic radiation, but those are not part of the main cloud.
The motion of the cosmic clouds and the interstellar material that form the arms fo the galaxy are quite apart from the movements of the stars that are originated in those clouds.
There are other large "bubbles" of Cosmic Radiation (Interstellar Wind) that will shock with the Solar Wind, causing changes in the activity of the Sun and in the climate of the Planets of the Solar System. The starships Voyager-1 and Voyager-2 have detected high densities of Cosmic Radiation that are affecting the climate on Earth and other planets of the Solar System. The changes have been manifested like increases of the Tropospheric Temperature on Earth above the standard fluctuations. The warming and the climate change have been detected also in Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Pluto. Some satellites of Jupiter and Saturn are experiencing global warming and climate change.