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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
PART A (Certification)
Part 1 /
Part 2 /
Part 3
The following definitions are also relevant to the PV GAP Reference Manual.
They are reproduced from ISO/IEC Guide 2 (see Part ll, Chapter 1 of the
Reference Manual), with the original numbering to facilitate reference to the
Guide.
1.1
standardization
activity of establishing, with regard to actual or poten-tial problems,
provisions for common and repeated use, aimed at the achievement of the optimum
de-gree of order in a given context
NOTES:
-
In particular, the activity consists of the processes of formulating, issuing
and implementing standards.
-
Important benefits of standardization are improvement of the suitability of
products, processes and services of their intended purposes, prevention of
barriers to trade and facilitation of technological cooperation.
2.2
compatibility
suitability of products, processes or services for use together under specific
conditions to fulfil relevant requirements without causing unacceptable
interactions.
2.3
interchangeability
ability of one product, process or services to be used in place of another to
fulfil the same
requirements
NOTE - The functional aspect of interchangeability is called "functional
interchangeability" and the dimensional aspect "dimensional
interchangeability".
2.5
safety freedom from unacceptable risk of harm
NOTE - In standardization, the safety of products, pro-cesses and services is
generally considered with a view to achieving the optimum balance of a number of
factors, including non-technical factors such as human behaviour. that will
eliminate avoidable risks of harm to persons and goods to an acceptable degree.
3.4
technical specification
document that prescribes technical
requirements to be fulfilled by a product, process or service
NOTES:
-
A technical specification should indicate whenever appropriate, the procedure(s)
by means of which it may be determined whether the requirements given are
fulfilled.
-
A technical specification may be a
standard, a part of a standard or independent of a standard.
3.5
code of practice
document that recommends practices or procedures for the design, manufacture,
installation, maintenance or utilization of equipment, structures or products
NOTE - A code of practice may be a
standard, a part of a standard or independent of a standard.
3.6
regulation document providing binding legislative rules, that is adopted
by an
authority
3.6.1
technical regulation
regulation that provides technical
requirements, either directly or by referring to or incorporating the
content of a
standard, technical specification or
code of practice
NOTE - A technical regulation may be supplemented by technical guidance that
outlines some means of compliance with the requirements of the regulation, i.e.
deemed-to-satisfy provision.
4.4
standards body
standardizing body recognized at national, regional or international
level, that has as a principal function, by virtue of its statutes, the
preparation, approval or adoption of
standards that are made available to the public
NOTE - A standards body may also have other principal functions.
5.1
basic standard
standard that has a wide-ranging coverage or contains general
provisions for one particular field
NOTE - A basic standard may function as a standard for direct application or as
a basis for other standards.
5.2
terminology standard
standard that is concerned with terms, usually ac-companied by their
definitions, and sometimes by explanatory notes, illustrations, examples, etc.
5.3
testing standard
standard that is concerned with
test methods, sometimes supplemented with other
provisions related to
testing, such as sampling, use of statistical methods, sequence of tests
5.4
product standard
standard that specifies
requirements to be fulfilled by a product or a group of products, to
establish its
fitness for purpose
NOTES:
-
A product standard may include in addition to the fitness for purpose
requirements. directly or by reference. aspects such as terminology, sampling,
testing, packaging and labelling and, sometimes, processing requirements.
-
A product standard can be either complete or not, according to whether it
specifies all or only a part of the necessary requirements. In this respect, one
may differentiate between standards such as dimensional, material, and technical
delivery standards.
12.2
conformity assessment
any activity concerned with determining directly or indirectly that relevant
requirements are fulfilled
NOTES:
-
Typical examples of conformity assessment activities are sampling, testing and
inspection; evaluation, verification and
assurance of conformity (supplier's declaration, certification);
registration, accreditation and
approval as well as their combinations.
12.9
third party
person or
body that is recognized as being independent of the parties involved, as
concerns the issue in question
NOTE - Parties involved are usually supplier ("first party") and
purchaser ("second party") interests.
12.10
registration
procedure by which a
body indicates relevant characteristics of a product, process or service,
or par-ticulars of a body or person, in an appropriate, publicly available list
12.11
accreditation
procedure by which an authoritative body gives formal recognition that a body or
person is competent to carry out specific tasks
13.1
test
technical operation that consists of the determination of one or more
characteristics of a given product, process or service according to a specified
procedure
13.1.1
testing
action of carrying out one or more
tests
13.2
test method
specified technical procedure for performing a
test
13.3
test report
document that presents test results and other information relevant to a
test
13.4
testing laboratory
laboratory that performs
tests
NOTE - The term "testing laboratory" can be used in the sense of a
legal entity, a technical entity or both.
14.1
conformity evaluation
systematic examination of the extent to which a product, process or service
fulfils specified
require-ments
14.2
inspection
conformity evaluation by observation and judgement accompanied as
appropriate by measurement,
testing or gauging
14.5
type testing
conformity testing on the basis of one or more specimens of a product
representative of the production
15.1.1
supplier's declaration
procedure by which a supplier gives written assurance that a product, process or
service conforms to specified
requirements
NOTE - In order to avoid any confusion, the expression
"self-certification" should not be used.
15.1.2
certification
procedure by which a third party gives written assur-ance that a product process
or service conforms to specified requirements
15.2
certification body
body that conducts
certification
NOTE - A certification body may operate Its own
testing and
inspection activities or oversee these activities carried out on its
behalf by other bodies.
15.3
license (for certification)
document, issued under the rules of a
certification system, by which a
certification body grants to a person or body the right to use
certificates or
marks of conformity for its products, processes or services in accordance
with the rules of the relevant certification scheme
15.5
certificate of conformity
document issued under the rules of a
certification system, providing confidence that a duly identified
product, process or service is in
conformity with a specific
standard or other
normative document
15.6
mark of conformity (for certification)
protected mark, applied or issued under the rules of a
certification system, indicating that confidence is provided that the
relevant product process or service is in
conformity with a specific
standard or other
normative document
16.1
approval
permission for a product, process or service to be marketed or used for stated
purposes or under stated conditions
17.1
accreditation system
system that has its own rules of procedure and management for carrying out
accreditation
NOTE - Accreditation of
conformity assessment bodies is normally awarded following successful
assessment and is followed by appropriate surveillance.
17.2
accreditation body
body that conducts and administers an
accreditation system and grants
accreditation
17.3
accredited body
body to which
accreditation has been granted
17.4
accreditation criteria
set of
requirements that is used by an
accreditation body, to be fulfilled by a
conformity assessment body in order to be accredited
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